Vitamin D and vitamin K are fatty soluble vitamins that are essential for various physiological functions.
According to report of epidemiological survey of American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2000-2004, vitamin D insufficiency has been correlated with greater mortality from cardiovascular disease and stroke. They found out subjects whose 25(OH)D3 serum concentration below 20 ng/ml had the higher risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Giovannucci et al (2010) analyzed data on 18.225 men and found that individuals whose 25(OH)D3 serum concentration below 15 ng/ml had the risk of myocardial infarction 2,4 fold higher than those above 30 ng/ml.
Vitamin K was known as an essential factor for activating coagulation protein in blood. In past decade, many basic and clinical studies investigated various physiological functions of vitamin K. Nowadays; scientists proved vitamin K is not only important for preventing hemorrhage but also necessary for inhibiting vascular calcification.
The Rotterdam Study followed 4,807 men and women over 50 years old for 7-10 years. Scientists investigated the high vitamin K2 level intake could reduce risk of mortality cause by coronary heart diseases and coronary heart diseases mortality ratio.
In the past, vitamin D was usually known as an important factor for bone formation and prevention osteoporosis. Vitamin K was reputedly the nutrient that essential for blood clotting. In recent years, both vitamin D and vitamin K have found that are necessary for regulation cardiovascular health.
Parris M.K., 2010. Vitamin D and K as pleiotropic nutrients: clinical importance to the skeletal and cardiovascular systems and preliminary evidence for synergy. Alternative Medicine Review, 15 (3): 199-222
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